Modeling of clusters in a strong 248‐nm laser field by a three-dimensional relativistic molecular dynamic model

A relativistic time-dependent three-dimensional particle simulation model has been developed to study the interaction of intense ultrashort KrF (248 nm) laser pulses with small Xe clusters. The trajectories of the electrons and ions are treated classically according to the relativistic equation of motion. The model has been applied to a different regime of ultrahigh intensities extending to 10²¹ W∕cm². In particular, the behavior of the interaction with the clusters from intensities of ∼10¹⁵ W∕cm² to intensities sufficient for a transition to the so-called “collective oscillation model” has been explored. At peak intensities below 10²⁰ W∕cm², all electrons are removed from the cluster and form a plasma. It is found that the “collective oscillation model” commences at intensities in excess of 10²⁰ W∕cm², the range that can be reached in stable relativistic channels. At these high intensities, the magnetic field has a profound effect on the shape and trajectory of the electron cloud. Specifically, the electrons are accelerated to relativistic velocities with energies exceeding 1 MeV in the direction of laser propagation and the magnetic field distorts the shape of the electron cloud to give the form of a pancake.