Phys. Rev. E 68, 036503 (2003) [11 pages]Halo formation at early stage of injection in high-intensity hadron ringsReceived 8 August 2002; revised 7 May 2003; published 22 September 2003 Halo formation under a nonequilibrium state for a two-dimensional Gaussian beam in a FODO lattice, which is an array of magnets where F is focusing, D is defocusing, and O is the drift space between magnets, was examined in terms of a transition of time-varying nonlinear resonances. Nonlinear resonant-interactions between individual particles and intrinsic beam-core oscillations result in a beam halo. The location of the halo is analytically tractable using canonical equations derived from an isolated resonance Hamiltonian. © 2003 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036503
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036503
PACS:
29.27.Bd, 41.75.Ak
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